ANALISIS PENGARUH EMISI KARBON DIOKSIDA DARI KARHUTLA, PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO DAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP INDEKS KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA (2018-2023)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of carbon dioxide emissions from forest and land fires
(Karhutla), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and population on the Environmental
Quality Index (IKLH) in Indonesia. The research data consists of a panel of 33 provinces from
2018–2023, analyzed using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) selected based on the Chow and
Hausman test. The analysis results show that carbon emissions have a negative and significant
effect on the IKLH, meaning that higher carbon emissions lead to a decline in environmental
quality. Conversely, GRDP has a positive effect on the IKLH, supporting the Environmental
Kuznets Curve theory, which explains the long-term relationship between economic growth
and environmental quality. Population also significantly influences the IKLH, where
increasing population can decrease environmental quality, especially in high-density areas,
although in some low-density areas it actually encourages improvements in spatial planning
and the provision of green space.