PENGARUH KONSUMSI ENERGI, PRODUKSI INDUSTRI, JUMLAH KENDARAAN, DAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO (PDRB) TERHADAP INDEKS KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of energy consumption, industrial production, the
number of motor vehicles, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on the
Environmental Quality Index (IKLH) across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2019–2023. The
research employs a quantitative approach using panel data, combining cross-sectional and
time-series dimensions, and is analyzed through panel regression using Common Effect Model
(CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The most suitable model
was determined using Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) tests. The results show
that energy consumption has a significant negative effect on IKLH, while the number of motor
vehicles has a significant positive effect. Industrial production and GRDP show negative but
statistically insignificant effects on environmental quality. Collectively, the four variables
explain 88.23% of the variation in IKLH. These findings emphasize the importance of efficient
energy management, the implementation of environmentally friendly transportation
technologies, and sustainable development policies to improve environmental quality in
Indonesia.