TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA PELUNCUR TERKAIT PENANGGULANGAN SAMPAH LUAR ANGKASA (SPACE DEBRIS) DITINJAU DARI LIABILITY CONVENTION 1972

Abstract

ABSTRACT Space debris, or space junk, refers to non-functional human-made objects that continue to orbit the Earth. Their presence poses significant risks to active satellites, space stations, and the Earth's environment. In 2020, NASA recorded more than 34,000 detected pieces of space debris. The responsibility of launching states in addressing this issue is regulated under the Liability Convention of 1972, which establishes the legal framework for determining state liability for damages caused by space objects. This study examines the following issues: (1) How does international law regulate the responsibility of launching states for damages caused by space objects? (2) How does the Liability Convention of 1972 regulate the responsibility of launching states for the fall of space debris? This research adopts a normative legal approach, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The data collection technique involves document studies, while data analysis is conducted qualitatively. (1) The Outer Space Treaty 1967 states that countries conducting space launches are responsible for any damages caused by space objects, whether on Earth, in the air, or in outer space. (2) Articles 2 and 3 of the Liability Convention 1972 further clarify that launching states bear absolute liability for damage occurring on Earth's surface and fault-based liability for damage occurring in outer space.