PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP UNITED NATIONS INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON (UNIFIL) BERDASARKAN KONVENSI JENEWA I 1949 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN TENTARA YANG TERLUKA DAN SAKIT DI MEDAN PERTEMPURAN DI DARAT (STUDI KASUS SERANGAN BRUTAL ISRAEL KE MARKAS UNIFIL DI LEBAN

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This research discusses the legal protection of United Nations peacekeeping forces, especially the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), based on the provisions of International Humanitarian Law, especially the 1949 Geneva Convention. This research is motivated by the attack on the UNIFIL headquarters in Lebanon which caused casualties and raised questions about legal protection for peacekeeping forces carrying out international mandates. The problems studied in this research are: (1) how is the regulation of legal protection for UN peacekeeping forces according to the 1949 Geneva Convention; and (2) how is the legal analysis of the Israeli attack on the UNIFIL headquarters in Lebanon from the perspective of international humanitarian law. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, through analysis of primary legal materials in the form of the 1949 Geneva Convention, the 1977 Additional Protocol, and the 1998 Rome Statute, and secondary legal materials in the form of books, journals, and related documents. The research results indicate that UNIFIL forces, in principle, have protected status as long as they are not directly involved in hostilities. Therefore, UNIFIL personnel, installations, and facilities should not be targeted. Attacks on UNIFIL headquarters can be categorized as violations of international humanitarian law and potentially qualify as war crimes if carried out intentionally and without legitimate military necessity. Such actions also have consequences in the form of state responsibility and potential individual criminal liability at the international level. The research method used in this study is normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the 1977 Additional Protocol, and the 1998 Rome Statute, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, scientific journals, and official documents related to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively by examining relevant international legal provisions to answer the research questions.