STATUS HUKUM TENTARA BAYARAN (MERCENERIES) DALAM SENGKETA BERSENJATA DITINJAU DARI DISTINCTION PRINCIPLE DIDALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mercenaries is soldier who fought and perform various other military operations in a battle for the sake of money, and usually not really care about ideology, nationality, or political opinion on the war they did. Their existence can’t escape from the war in the world and arguably their emergence recorded in history, start when civilization world began to recognize the war. In the modern era, mercenaries are still in demand, especially for developing countries, while the equipping is developed countries. The convention that organize about mercenaries are, Den Haag Convention in 1907, Geneva Convention in 1949, but the instruments of international humanitarian law that specifically discusses about mercenaries recently discuss in Additional Protocol 1 in 1977. In the progress after World War II appears something called Private Security Company (PSC) and Private Military Company (PMC), both often called as PMSC. The existence of PMSC as mercenaries organized, certainly not out of the law and regulations. The use of PMSC in an armed conflict generated a lot of violations of international law, whether committed by the personnel individually or by a company. The method used in this research is a normative legal research by collecting materials from books, the internet, legislation and the results of other scientific writings are closely related to the purpose of the writing of this scientific work. The purpose of this research is to describe the legal status of mercenaries in armed conflict in accordance with International Humanitarian Law and how enforcement of illegal acts in the form of ordinary crime and war crime committed by the mercenaries in the war/armed conflict. The legal status of mercenaries in accordance with International Humanitarian Law is as unlawful combatant. If the enemy caught in armed conflict, then they can not have rights as a prisoner of war. Enforcement mechanisms of humanitarian law can be found in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I in 1977 and other rules governing enforcement of the law against war crimes in a court of either ad-hoc or permanent.
Keywords: Mercenaries, Armed conflict, the status of PMSC.
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