sterifikasi PFAD dengan Katalis Heterogen_Melsy Marchelina

Abstract

PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is a byproduct of the refining process of crude palm oil which contains a lot of free fatty acids (ALB), namely 80-100%. From this literature study, it can be concluded that PFAD is a promising feedstock for biodiesel through catalytic or non-catalytic esterification. It is proven that a wide variety of catalysts can be used for esterification of PFADs such as biological, chemical, enzyme and waste catalysts. In the discussion that has been carried out, the highest yields were obtained on heterogeneous catalysts from biological compounds, namely starch and glucose which have been carbonized with 97.3% methyl ester yields, and the lowest yields were obtained on heterogeneous catalysts from biological compounds, namely sulfonated cellulose with 77% methyl ester yields.