PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI KULIT PISANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK DAN FERMENTASI_ Zulfandri

Abstract

At the present time, fuel is a basic necessity for the community and its use tends to increase every year, while the source of petroleum fuel used today is getting low. Therefore we need alternative materials that can be used as a substitute for petroleum. Bioethanol can be used as an alternative fuel to address current fuel needs. Bioethanol is a liquid fermented carbohydrates (starch) using the help of microorganisms. The carbohydrates used in this study came from the banana peel of Kepok. Banana peels have a high starch content which can be degraded into a simpler form, namely glucose as a source of bioethanol formation. The lignin content in banana peels needs to be removed / damaged its structure. In this study, the method used to degrade lignin was pretreatment using dilute H2SO4 (1%) and NaOH (4%). After that, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using cellulase enzymes and fermented with yeast saccharomyses cerevisiae. The fermented bioethanol solution is separated from the residue, then the ethanol is separated from the solution by distillation. This study aims to determine the change of starch to changes in glucose which is influenced by variations in enzymes and fermentation and to make bioethanol from banana peel waste with variations in fermentation time. The results showed that the more cellulase enzymes were added, the more glucose was produced during hydrolysis, and the higher the ethanol content, the less glucose was left. Most glucose is produced using 9 ml enzymes of 9.1 grams from 50 grams of banana peel. In the variation of fermentation time, the optimum fermentation time was 168 hours with a concentration of 38.98% ethanol using 9 ml cellulase enzymes