Passive Sentences in Japanese with Minangkabau

Abstract

"> Syntax is the study of sentences. Sentences can be defined based on their form and characteristics such as passive sentences. Passive sentences are sentences subject to action (Putrayasa, 2017: 134). In Japanese there is a passive sentence called ukemi or judoubun with the characteristics that there is a suffix (-a)
reru in the first form of verbs and -rareru in the second and third form of verbs (Sutedi, 2003: 76). Likewise in the Minangkabau language, the passive sentence has the characteristics of the prefix affixes di-, ta-, and ba- in the verb (Jufrizal, 2012: 276). Although there are similarities in the existence of passive sentences and affixes in the verbs of the two languages, there are also differences in the structure of the passive sentences in the two languages. Based on the background of the problem, the focus of this research is the differences and similarities in the structure of Japanese passive sentences with the Minangkabau language. The theory used is passive sentence theory in general. Then, the Japanese passive sentence theory by Yoshikawa in Sutedi (2004: 4), in this theory the passive sentence is divided into direct passive sentences and indirect passive sentences. Furthermore, the Minangkabau passive sentence theory by Jufrizal (2012), in this theory, the passive sentence is divided based on the passive nature of the Minangkabau language construction behavior which has a passive prefix di-,
ta- and ba-. The final theory is the theory of functions, roles and categories of sentence elements. The method used in this study is a comparative method. The data source in this study was taken from the novel ‘Sensei! Suki Ni Natte Mo Ii Desuka? ', (Teacher! May I Like You) for Japanese, then, taken from the Surau dan Silek films for the Minangkabau language. The method and data collection technique used is the method of referring to the note taking technique. The results found differences and similarities of the structure of the two languages. The difference found is that in Japanese passive sentences found three structures forming passive sentences namely; (1) the structure of the subject-agent object-predicate (S-OPEL-P), (2) the structure of the subject-agent object-indirect object-predicate (S-OPEL-OTL-P) or the structure of the subject-indirect objectpredicate (S-OTL-P), (3) subject-predicate (SP) structure. Whereas in Minangkabau language is formed with two structures namely (1) the structure of the subject-predicate-agent object (S-P-OPEL) and (2) the structure of the predicate-agent object -subject (P-OPEL-S). The equation found in the structure of the two languages is the existence of sentences that are formed without using the elements of the phrase 'agent object' (OPEL), such as the structure of subjectindirect object-predicate (S-OTL-P) in Japanese passive sentences and the structure of subject-predicate (SP) in the passive sentence of the Minangkabau language.
Keywords: Passive Sentences, Japanese, Minangkabau.