AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN JUMANJI: THE NEXT LEVEL MOVIE

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Speech acts are the basis for the analysis of pragmatics topics such as presuppositions, cooperative principle, and politeness. The actions performed via utterance are generally called speech acts. In daily conversations speech acts often used by people every day in social interaction. Austin (1962) in Cutting (2002:16) state “the actions performed in saying something”. And then, Austin (1962) speech acts divides into three types. They are locutionary acts, Illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. Meanwhile, illocutionary acts refer to the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of its literal meaning and perlocutionary acts deal with the effects of the utterances on the hearer, depending on specific circumstances. In addition, Searle (1976) categorizes speech acts into representative, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. In this research, the researcher explains about speech acts that found in Jumanji: The Next Level movie. Every situation of the act or utterance of a movie characters contains a meaning and specific purpose, so in reviewing the speech acts, it must really be realized how important a context is in every utterance or expression. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this research, the researcher uses qualitative research. Qualitative research is defined as a market research method that focuses on obtaining data through open-ended and conversational communication. In this research, the researcher applied the observation technique. This technique is uses to identify linguistic units according to the effects which are utterance by the character. The technique used for the research is documentation. Source of this data in this research is Jumanji: The Next Level movie directed by Jake kasdan. This film began airing on December 3, 2019. This 2 hour 3 minute film which still carries the action, comedy, and adventure genres is the story of the adventurer Dr. Smolder Bravestone (Dwayne Johnson). FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION • Finding In this research, the researcher have found four types of speech acts except the type of declarations speech acts. First, representative speech acts in Jumanji: The Next Level movie amounted to 35 data, included asserting 12 data, reporting 7 data, informing 6 data, claiming 2 data, and fact stating 8 data. Second, directive speech acts amounted to 42 data, included requesting 3 data, suggesting 12 data, commanding 17 data, and asking 10 data. Third, commissive speech acts amounted to 12 data, included promising 6 data, vowing 2 data, swearing 1 data, and pledging 3 data. The last, expressive speech acts amounted to 10 data, included apologizing 5 data, welcoming 3 data, congratulating 1 data, and thanking 1 data. The amount of this data can be seen in detail in the following table. Table Frequency of Speech Acts No Types of Speech acts Frequency 1 Representatives Asserting 12 35 Reporting 7 Informing 6 Claiming 2 Fact Stating 8 2 Directives Requesting 3 42 Suggesting 12 Commanding 17 Asking 10 3 Commissives Promising 6 12 Vowing 2 Swearing 1 Pledging 3 4 Expressives Apologizing 5 10 Welcoming 3 Congratulating 1 Thanking 1 TOTAL 99 This table of speech acts shows that the types of directive speech acts is most dominantly used in Jumanji: The next level movie. This can be seen from the amount of data contained in this types of directive speech acts as many as 42 data from 99 existing data, especially about commanding directive speech acts amounted to 17 data. This indicates that speakers in Jumanji: The next level movie more often ask the listener to take the action desired by the speaker. • Discussion 1. Fact stating statement in representative speech acts Context situation: Participant: Franklin, Dr. Bravestone, Prof. Shelly, and Ruby Roundhouse. Setting : In the Desert Situation : The ostrich starts chasing Dr. Bravestone’s team, Franklin informs a fact about the ostrich. Utterances: Franklin: The ostrich is a flightless bird, one of 60 species. You got the Penguin, you got Emu and you got the Kiwi. The statement from Fridge is the speaker to Dr. Bravestone, Prof. Shelly, and Ruby Roundhouse are the listener. Seen from a distance in the middle of the desert, the ostrich starts to approach Dr. Bravestone’s team. Franklin who played the role of a zoologist in Jumanji video game informs a fact about Ostrich. This utterance is fact stating in representative speech acts because commit the speaker to something being the case and statement of fact with correct evidence. “The ostrich is a flightless bird, one of 60 species. You got the Penguin, you got Emu and you got the Kiwi.” Shows the speaker inform a fact to listener and the truth of the facts is corroborated by numbers that show the real amount of information. 2. Commanding statement in directive speech acts Context situation: Participant: Ruby Roundhouse and Dr. Bravestone Setting : On the plane Situation : They searching for letter that Nigel sent to Dr. Bravestone. Utterances: Dr. Bravestone : Do I have a letter? Ruby Roundhouse : Check your pockets. Dr. Bravestone :(Dr. Bravestone check him pockets.) The conversation between Ruby Roundhouse as the speaker and Dr. Bravestone as the listener. The setting of this conversation on the plane. Conversation above tells about the letters Nigel had sent to Dr. Bravestone. Then there was an argument between Ruby Roundhouse and Dr. Bravestone that Dr. Bravestone insisted he did not receive the letter from Nigel. Actually the letter was sent but was not visible because of this in the video game. And then Ruby Roundhouse commanded to try to check the pocket, it might have been sent. The utterance of “Check your pockets.” Means the speaker says something to aim the listener take an action that speaker wants. And then the listener do the action what the speaker wants. This data is directive speech acts included commanding statement. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS • Conclusion The researcher can conclude that the types of speech acts found in the conversations between characters in Jumanji: The Next Level movie are the speech acts of representatives, directives, commissions, and expressives. And the researchers also found four types of speech acts including all parts of the speech acts and the researcher did not find any types of declarations speech acts. • Suggestions Based on conclusion of the research, the research purposes the following suggestion. First, to the student of English Department, the researcher suggests the students of English Department to do further research using other perspectives or other data sources. It is better to try new things that challenge the example an analysis of speech acts in social media or teaching process. Second, to the linguistics students, linguistic students must carry out a deep understanding of the concept of pragmatics to conduct research on speech acts. Because lessons about speech acts can also trap us if we don't understand the real concept. The last, to the next researchers, this research will make another researcher to interest and can be more observe about speech acts, with interesting studies, larger data, and more in-depth analysis techniques to get the perfect results. And also this research will be useful or can be some of references for those people who are concerned for further research.