AN ANALYSIS OF CLASS AND UNIT SHIFT FOUND IN BLACK PANTHER MOVIE

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The research on translation have already spread all over the world. There are a lot of strategies a translator uses in the translation, for instance translation procedures which have many parts that should be considered in translating. As stated by Newmark [2] at least there are eighteen translation procedures including translation shift. As the concern of this analysis Catford [1] categorized two types of translation shift. They are level shift and category shift. In category shift there are four types namely unit shift, class shift, structure shift and intra system shift[1]. Beside focusing on translation shift itself, the writer also analyzed the equivalent in meaning considering its degrees found in this research by adapting Kantiastuti [3] who used Nida’s (1974) theory. In addition, to analyze the movie itself, the writer tries to figure out the movie translation principles by Chang [4] which become the theory used in this analysis. The purposes of this research were to figure out various forms of class and unit shift in Black Panther movie and their equivalent in meaning related to movie translation principles METHOD This research actually concerns with source of data which obtained from the transcript of subtitle in SL and TL of Black Panther Movie.. It was analyzed using qualitative method. In collecting the data. It started by choosing Black Panther Movie, downloaded it from website, watched it many times with subtitle. In the process of collecting those data, every words, phrases, or sentences which seem suitable to the theories were taken, noted and captured by screenshot. In the final step, every data were collected whether they were part of Catford’s unit shift or class shift. The writer also showed in what minute or time that the data were shown by using the subtitle RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS It was found that commonly in unit shift, the translator translated TL by shortening the form of phrases to be a word or extending the word to be phrases. It is done by considering many aspects such as principles of subtitling a movie and about the equivalent of the meaning as well. In this analysis, mostly the translation achieved the equivalent in meaning by using three strategies, they are complete meaning, increased meaning and decreased meaning. Whereas In class shift there were many forms of class of words which were translated in this shifts. They are Noun, verb, adjective and adverb. The translator used the increased, decreased and complete meaning as well. It was rarely found that the translation are non-equivalent. Here are two examples of findings and the analysis of this research which could be seen as follows. Table 1. Unit Shift Source Language Target Language Meaning Equivalent Equivalent Non-Equivalent The Wakandans used vibranium to develop technology.. ( 00.01.12 – 00.01.14) Rakyat Wakanda menggunakan vibranium untuk mengembangkan teknologi Complete meaning In the sentence above, unit shift can be found from the changes of word Wakandans as SL into a phrase Rakyat Wakanda in TL. It is done in order to achieve the natural translation by the translator. It reaches the equivalent in meaning by translating it completely. So it is called as the complete meaning. The form of subtitle also mentioned only in two lines within 2 seconds on screen. This case obeying the subtitling rule which give easier understanding for the audience. Table 2. Class Shift Source Language Target Language Meaning Equivalent Equivalent Non-Equivalent Are we under attack? ( 00.09.07 ) Apa kita diserang? Complete meaning There is class shift from the phrase under attack in SL which is in the form of noun translated into a verb diserang in TL. It reached the natural equivalent of the translation. If it is translated with the same class as in SL, it could be dibawah serangan where in this case it does not sound natural for the audience. It is the complete meaning without adding or omitting particular word in the datum. The space of the subtitle also acceptable only with three words in one second which is readable for the audiences. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS To sum up, the writer concludes that translating a movie is not always as simple as people thought. It is not only about translating one word into the other, or changing the meaning of one sentence to another sentence in different languages . There are many options in doing this research. It can be either generally finding out the shift or observed deeply about the understanding of the audiences by collecting many thoughts of various native speaker of the TL. Other options which sounds interesting is about the effect of the readability. The reading speed of the audiences also could be matched to the subtitle of the movie. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Foremost, I want to send my gratitude to Allah SWT. For his blessing and giving me strength, patience in make it all happens. I would like to express my sincerely gratitude to my thesis supervisors Diana Chitra Hasan, M.Hum, M.Ed., Ph.D. and Temmy Thamrin,M.Hum.,Ph.D. and my examiners Dr. Elfiondri,M.Hum. and Dra. Nova Rina, M.Hum. I am thankful for everything that they had been given to me. Especially all of my lecturers, who have taught, inspired and always motivated me to be a better person than who I was. All of the knowledge they transferred hopefully could be useful for me and for people around me. Especially for my parents that always supports me and the reason for me to keep fighting. I’m beyond thankful for everything.