THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS IN DIRECTIVE UTTERANCE IN “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” WRITTEN BY JANE AUSTIN

Abstract

Abstract
This research aimsat discussing“The Politeness strategies in Directive Utterance , that is the
utterance which the speaker uses to make the hearer does something.This utterance is one of
the action illocution utterance.In Analyzing this thesis, the researcher uses the theory of
Leech “Politeness in directive utterance “and used the method of Djajasudarma. As the result
of the study in Politeness in Directive utterance, the writer found that from two types of
politeness principle they are Tact Maxim and Generosity Maxim.The tact Maxim using in
low profile to producing polite illocutionary.Then,Generosity Maximusing in polite utterance
of producing polite directive.The writer found that Tact Maxim and Generosity Maxim is
Maxim of politeness principle.
Key Words : low profile, the differences context factor, directive utterance.
Background
Language and society are intimately
connected, one cannot exist without the other.
The most essential use of language in society
is to maintain social bounding. Yet in daily
life, experience shows us that individuals find
themselves in communication conflict with
one another. It frequently happens, because
they neglect appropriate words in speaking
with each other, as in calling, addressing,
asking questions, or requesting something. The
members of society should be able to choose
words in their communication to keep
relationship since societies vary in number and
background. Thus, they may be divided into
classes, status, age groups, and sexes. All
members of society need appreciation, as
stated by Goofman (1956) in Rankema
(1993:12) that “Every participant in social
process has the need to be appreciated by
others and the need to be free and not inferred
”. Therefore, people always try to be polite
whenever they communicate to each other.
Politeness becomes an important
aspect in maintaining social bounding. It
is socially prescribed because being polite
or impolite in producing an utterance
depends on the existence of standard
norm or standards of politeness. In
practice, politeness is influenced by the
various values above. An utterance, which
is considered as being polite in a certain
circumstance, may be impolite in
different circumstances. It is determined
by the place in which an utterance takes
place, to whom the utterance is addressed
and the goal of the utterance. So, one
should follow the social norms existing in
this society although he may express his
feeling as he likes.
In social communication,
language permits people to do something
by warning, requesting, command,
advising, persuading, or ordering. Searle
(1979) classifies these kinds of utterances
as directive illocutionary act while Leech
(1983:14) calls them as directive
utterance throughout this thesis.
When a speaker produces a
directive utterance, she or he can produce
it in various ways. However, sometimes
the speaker may irritate the listener when
he utters a rude or impolite utterance. For
that reason, speaker should choose the
polite way of asking someone to do
something. Normally, a speaker delivers a
directive utterance in indirect form in
order to be polite. In line with this, Searle
(1979:36) says that, in directives,
politeness is the chief motivation for
indirectness. Furthermore, in relation to
politeness, Lakoff (1975:72) gives
examples,
1. It is cold in here
2. a. Why didn’t you close the window?
b. Borrow me your sweater
c. Let’s go into another room!
d. You are going to make me catch in
cold
The sense of politeness is felt
more polite in utterance (1) than in
utterances (2a), (2b), (2c), and (2d)
although pragmatically, they are similar.
Hence, politeness is important in
its relation to directive utterance. Beside,
this kind of utterance is one of language
used which is often found in daily
communication. In accordance with this,
Gunarwan says in Purwo (1992:267),
“Sopansantunbahasamenda
pattempat yang
layakuntukdikaji,
terutamajikakitasadaribahw
akomunikasiseharihariselaluberkisarpadanosi
kesopananitu.”
(the politeness of language
takes a proper place to be
discussed if we aware that
daily communication is
always concerned with the
politeness notion).
Method and Research
There are some differentiate the writer
using that is as following :
This research applied descriptive
method.In this research, the writer uses
Analyzing the data based on related
theories for collecting data.In analyzing
the data, the writer will treat the sentences
in quotation mark as utterances.
Result and Discussion
After discussing about directive
utterances and theories, which are related
to politeness, the writer analyzes directive
utterances in novel Pride and Prejudice.
In analyzing the data, the writer
will use the theory of politeness as
proposed by Leech (1983). He proposes
six maxims which are called as Politeness
Principles. This principles cover the way
of producing polite illocutionary. From the
six maxims, there are two maxims that are
related to the way of producing polite
directive. The two maxims are tact maxim
and generosity maxim and the writer will
analyze the data based on them related to
the context.
Tact Maxim
The first data is taken from
conversation between Mr. Bingley and
Mr.Dorcy. the directive utterance
(U.001) in this data is a request that is
addressed by Mr. Bingley to Mr.
Dorcy
U.001 Mr. Bingley :
“Come Darcy, I must have you dance.
I hate to see you standing by yourself
in this stupid manner. You had much
better dance”.
U.002 Mrdancy :
“I certainly shoull not. You know how
I detest it. Unless I am parrticularly
acquainted with my partner. At such
an assembly as this, it would be
insupportable”.
The conversation takes place
in a ball which is held by Mr. Bingley.
Mr. Darcy is one of his guest in this
party. As the host, Mr. Bingley want
to serve his guests friendly so that
they will enjoy the party. Therefore,
when he finds Mr. Darcy standing
alone and having no partner to dance,
he suggests him to have a dance. In
conveying his request to Mr Darcy, he
obeys tact maxim, in which the
proposed action in the utterance.
U.001 implies beneficial for Mr.
Darcy as the listener. He implies
benefit to his listener by showing his
attention and respect to Mr. Darcy by
uttering. “Come Darcy, I must have
you dance”. It is one way of being
polite to ask someone to do an action.
Talking about indirectness, the
utterance in U.001 is less indirectness
so it sounds like a command.
Theoritically, it is quite rude as
adirective utterance to ask someone to
do something. But, the answer given
by Mr. Darcy in U.002 shows that
utterance does not irritate him because
he gives a normal respond toward the
request. We interpret that Mr. Bingley
conveys his request directly to Mr.
Darcy, since they are closed. The call
of name ‘Darcy’ in this utterance is
adequate to point that they are closed
with each other. Thus, indirectness is
not necessary in producing a polite
directive utterance in such context
because there is no distance between
speaker and listener. Instead, indirect
utterance would seem as an awkward
utterance.
The following data is taken from
conversation between husband and wife,
Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet the directive
utterance in this data ia a command that is
addressed by Mr. Bennet to his wife.
U. 008 Mr. Bennet:
‘”I Hope my dear, that you have
ordered a good dinner today because I
have reason to expect an addition to
our family party”.
U. 009 Mrs. Bennet :
“Who do you mean my dear? I know
nobody that is coming. I am sure,
unlesscarlotta Lucas should happen
to call in and I hope my dinners are
good enough for her”.
In this conversation, Mr. Bennet asks hi
wife, Mrs. Bennet to prepare a good dinner
for his guest. Although it is in informal
context, he conveys his command
formally, by uttering “I hope my dear, that
you have ordered a good dinner
today...”.in this utterance, Mr. Bennet tries
to choose polite words to ask his wife to
do the proposed action. H obeys tact
maxim by minimizing cost to his wife as
listener. In which he refines his utterance
so that it sounds like a request. In addition,
the words “I hope” in the utterance is
sufficient to minimize cost to listener
because it gives option to her to do the
action or not. The answer given by Mrs.
Bennet shows the effect of this optionality.
Furthermore, to be more polite,
Mr. Bennet conveys his goal to ask the
listener to do the proposed action
indirectly. The indirectness of this
directive utterance dismisses its force
toward listener. So, Mrs. Bennet
would not be irritated by the utterance.
The data in this analysis is a request, that
is addressed by Miss. Caroline Bingley to
her brother in law, Mr. Hurst.
U. 001 Miss Bingley :
“Do let us have a little music. Louisa,
you will not mind my waking Mr.
Hurst?”
After their dinner at aMr. Bingley’s house,
Mr. Bingley, Miss. Caroline Bingley,
Elizabeth, Louisa and her husband, Mr.
Hurst, are sitting at living room and
chatting away. When the chatting bored
Miss. Caroline, she suggests everybody to
listen to music. Then, she asks Mr Hurst to
play piano but for being polite, she does
not addressed the request directly to Mr.
Hurst. Seh conveys the utterance formally
and in the form of question, by uttering
“Louisa, you will not mind my waking Mr.
Hurst?”, she directs this utterance to his
wife Louisa in order to avoid being
impudent toward her brother in law, so she
minimizes cost to he listener. It means that
her utterance obeys tact maxim. In
addition, by uttering her request in the
form of a question or indirectly, it will
refine its utterance and dismiss forcing
toward the proposed utterance. In the sense
that it increases the politeness.
The directive utterance in this data is a
request which is addressed by Mr. Collins
to his cousin Elizabeth.
U. 011 Mr. Collins :
“I am by no means of opinion, I assure
you, that a ball of his kind, given by a
young man of character, to respectable
people, can have any devil tendency
and I am so far from objecting to
dancing myself, that I shall hope to be
honored with the hands of all my fair
cousins in the course of the evening,
and I take this opportunity of
soliciting yours, Miss. Elizabeth, for
the two first dance
especially...”
The request in U. 011 is
addressed to Elizabeth by Mr. Collins
in order to ask her to be his partner in
a ball. H conveys his request in formal
language by uttering, “.... A shall hope
to be honored with the hands of all my
fair cousins in the course of evening,
and I take this opportunity of
soliciting yours, Miss. Elizabeth”.
This utterance obeys tact
maxim in order to be polite in asking
the listener to do the intended action.
In which, Mr. Collins as speaker
maximizes benefit to Elizabeth, in
maximizing benefit to his listener, Mr.
Collins tries to show his expectation
of her willingness to accept his
request. He expresses this through the
words “I take this opportunity of
soliciting your, Miss Eliza”.
In utterance U.011, Mr.
Collins also conveys his goal
indirectly. The indirectness in this
utterance increases the sense of being
polite since it dismisses its force.
Thus, the request will not impose the
listener to accept the proposed action.
The following data is taken
from the conversation between Mr.
Collins and Mrs. Bennett. The
directive utterance in U.012 is a
request which is addressed by Mr.
Collins to Miss. Bennett.
U. 012 Mr. Collins :
May I hope Madam, for your interest
with your fair daughter Elizabeth
when I solicit for the honour of a
private audience with her in the course
of this morning”
U. 013 Mrs. Bennett :
Oh dear! Yes, certainly. I am sure she
can have no objection”.
In this conversation, Mr. Collins tells to
Mrs. Bennet that he wants to have a
private conversation with her daughter,
Elizabeth. Therefore, he asks Mrs. Bennet
to allow him to do it. He conveys his
request formally and indirectly, by uttering
“May I hope madam, for interest with your
fair daughter, Elizabeth, when I solicit for
the honour of a private audience with
her...”.this utterance obeys tact maxim by
implying Mr. Collins to Mrs. Bennet as
Eliza’s mother. To imply benefit to
listener, Mr. Collins expresses in this
utterance that Mrs. Bennet’s permission is
very important for him to have a private
conversation with her daughter. Beside,
indirectness in conveying his goal makes
this utterance more polite. In the sense, it
dismisses forcing in the proposed action.
So that, it will not impose the listener to
accept this action.
Generosity Maxim
The data in this analysis is
taken from an invitation letter which is
addressed to Jane by Miss. Caroline
Bingley.
U.003 Miss. Caroline Bingley
:“My dear friend, if you are not so
compassionate as to dire today with
Louisa and me, we shall be in danger
of heating each other for the rest of
our lives for a whole day’s tete-a-tete
between two women can never end
without a quarrel. Come as soon as
you can on the receipt of this. My
brother and the gentlemen are to dire
with the officer”.
Miss. Caroline Bingley invites Jane, her
brother’s girl friend to have a dinner with
her and her sister, Louisa. The invitation is
sent via a letter. She conveys her invitation
in formal language and in indirective, by
uttering, “My dear friend, if you are not so
compassionate as to dire today with
Louisa and me, we shall be in danger of
heating each other...”. in this utterance,
caroline obeys generosity maxim to
produce a polite directive. In which she
maximizes cost to herself by showing her
modesty. She conveys the invitation as if it
were to send to someone who was in the
same level with her, whereas. Jane is in
lower level than her. It means the words,
“my dear friend”, in the utterance is
sufficient to show it. These words give an
impression that they are friend, although
they are not closed with each other.
In addition, indirectness in
conveying her invitation increases the
politeness of the utterance since it
dismisses the imposition to accept the
proposed action. Contextually, the
reason for choosing a polite directive
utterance in this invitation is due to
Jane’s special relationship with her
brother Mr. Bingley. So, politeness in
this utterance is aimed not only to
Jane, but also to Mr. Bingley as the
third party.
The data in this analysis is taken from Mrs.
Bennet’s utterance. The directive utterance
in this data is a warning which is
addressed by Mrs. Bennett to her daughter
Elizabeth.
U. 004 Elizabeth :
“That is as it happens. It does not
necessarily follow that a deep,
intricate character is more or less
estimable than such a one as yours”.
U. 005 Mrs. Bennet : “Lizzy
remember where you are, and do not
run on in the wild manner that you are
suffered to do at home”.
In their visit to Mr. Bingley’s
house, Mrs. Bennet and her daugther,
Elizabeth have a dinner with Mr.
Bingley. In this chance, Elizabeth has
a discussion with him. In this
discussion she expresses her opinion
to Mr. Bingley, as if she were talking
with someone in the same position
with her. Therefore, her mother warns
her to change her attitude. She
consider that Elizabeth is too
impudent toward Mr. Bingley.
However, Mr. Bingley is a honorable
man, so they should act politely. She
warns her daughter by uttering, “Lizzy
remember where you are, and do not
run on in the wild manner that you are
suffered to do at home”. This
utterance obeys generosity maxim by
maximizing cost to Mrs. Bennet
herself and also to her daughter. In
this case, both of them is in the
position as self and the words, “The
wild manner that you are suffered at
home”, brake their reputation as the
part of bennet’s family.
Furthermore, the formality and
indirectness refine the utterance, so
that is sounds more polite.
Contextually, Mrs. Bennet uses a
polite word in warning her daughter
on account of the utterance of Mr.
Bingley around them. In the sense
that, politeness in the utterance is
addressed to Mr. Bingley, as the third
party.
The data in this analysis is a request. It is
addressed by Mr. Darcy to Elizabeth and
Miss. Caroline Bingley.
U. 006 Mr. Darcy :
“If you and Miss. Bennet will defer
yours till I am out of the room. I shall
be very thankful, and then you may
say whatever you like of me”
U. 007 Elizabeth :
“What you ask, is no sacrifice on my
side, and Mr. Darcy much better finish
his letter”.
When Mr. Darcy is writing a letter for her
sister in Bingley’s library, Charoline and
Elizabeth have a chat there. They talk
about everything and also about Mr.
Darcy. In this chat, they are too noisy to
disturb Mr. Darcy. Therefore, he asks the
girls to stop their chat until he finishes his
letter. He conveys his request formally and
in indirect utterance, by uttering, “If you
and Miss. Bennet will defer yours till I am
out of the room, I shall be very thankful”.
This utterance obeys generosity maxim
because the speaker implies cost to himself
by putting himself in the lower position, as
if this utterance were a pleading. The
indirectness in expressing his goal
decreases imposition in this request, so
that is does not irritate the listener.
The data in this analysis is an invitation. It
is addressed by Charlotte Lucas to her
friend, Elizabeth.
U. 018 Charlotte :
“My father and Maria are to come to
me in March, and I hope you will
consent to be of the party. Indeed,
Eliza, you will be as well come to me
as either of them”.
Charlotte invites her friend, Elizabeth to
come in her wedding party which will take
place at hunsford. She conveys her
invitation in formal language although it is
directed to her closed friend. Beside being
polite, she also uses an indirect directive
utterance by uttering, “Indeed, Eliza, you
will be as well come to me as either of
them”. In order to be polite in this
utterance, Charlotte obeys Politeness
Principle, Generosity Maxim, since it
implies cost to herself by expressing that
she is really in hope for her friend’s
coming. Whereas, as a closed friend there
is no distance between them, so she does
not need indirectness to convey her
invitation. But the matter as explained in
the discussion of data analysis 7 causes a
distance between them, therefore it
influences her invitation words.
The directive utterance in this
analysis is a request which is
addressed by r. Darcy to Elizabeth.
The directive utterance in this
analysis is a request which is
addressed by Mr. Darcy to Elizabeth.
U. 020 Mr. Darcy :
you must therefore, pardon the
freedom with which I demand your
attention, your feeling. I know I
bestow it unwillingly, but
I demand it of your justice”.
Mr. Darcy is aristocrat who falls in love
with Elizabeth. Unfortunately, Eliza does
not like him because she knows more
about his bad characters that he is a proud
man. Therefore, Eliza always avoids
meeting him. On the contrary, Mr. Darcy
always tries to do everything to get
attention from Eliza. Therefore, when he is
aware of his fault, he is aware of his fault,
he asks her to forgive him. Her request
conveys formally and directly, by uttering,
“...you must therefore, pardon the freedom
with which I demand your attention”. In
which he obeys Generosity maxim because
in this utterance. For being polite, he puts
himself in the lower position in his
utterance by conveying his goal indirectly.
The indirectness in this utterance dismisses
the impression of being forced, and as a
result, this utterance would not irritate the
listener.
The data in this analysis is a of
request.It is addressed by Lady
Chaterine to Elizabeth.
U.021 Lady Chaterine : “Why at that
rate,you will have
been here only six weeks.I expected you to
stay two months.I tall Mrs.Collins so
before you came.There can be nooccasion
for you going so soon.Mrs.Bennetcould
certainly spare you for another fornight.”
U.022 Elizabeth : “But my father
Can not.He wrote
last week to hurry me return”.
After six weeks at Hunsford for visiting
Charlotte,Elizabeth gets a letter from her
father to return home.But,Lady
Chaterine,Charlotte’s neighbor and the
honorable woman at Hunsford,asks her to
stay longer.Lady chaterine conveys her
request in formal Language and in indirect
directive utterance by uttering,”I expected
you to stay two months”.The utterance
obeys Politeness Principle,Generosity
maxim,here,the utterance maximizes cost
to Lady Chaterine, by showing her
modesty to Elizabeth.In the sense that the
utterance puts Lady Chaterine in a lower
position,as if she were in the same level
with Elizabeth. Then, indirectness in
coveying her goal in her utterance
increases its politeness since it dismisses
imposition in the utterance.Instead, it gives
option toward the listener to accept the
proposed action or refuse it.
The directive utterance in this data is a
suggestion which is addressed by Lady
Chaterine to Mrs.Collins.
U.023 Lady Chaterine :
“Mrs.Collins you must
send a servant with them you know I
always speak my mind,and I can not bear
the idea of two young women traveling
post by themselves .....you must send John
with the young ladies, Mrs.Collins”.
The directive utterance in U.007
is a suggestion from Lady Chaterine for
Miss.Collins in order to suggest that she
send a servant to accompany Elizabeth and
Maria in their journey to herfordshire.
Lady Chaterine conveys her suggestion in
formal language but in direct utterance,by
saying,”Mrs.Collins you must send a
servant with them .....you must send John
with the young ladies”.This utterance
sounds like a command because it is less
indirect. It sounds as if the speaker were to
force her listener.We interprets that a
speaker who is in authority over the
listener does not take indirectness into
account to considered as being polite since
it obeys Generosity Maxim by maximizing
cost to the speaker.Here,Lady Chaterine
grives her attention to Miss.Collin’s guests
although she is higher position.
The data in this analysis is a request
which is addressed to Elizabeth and Jane
by Mrs.Hill
U.026 Mrs.Hill : “I beg you
pardon for interupting you but I was in
hope you might have so good news from
town,so I took the liberty of coming to
ask”.
U.027 Elizabeth : ”What do you
mean, Hill? We have heard nothing from
town”.
Mrs.Hill the house keeper of Bennet’s
family comes to her masters, Elizabeth and
Jane who are talking their sister,Lydia,in
shruberry behind the house.She interrupts
their conversation to ask them to come to
hear the news about Lydia.To convey her
goal,Mrs.Hill uses very formal words and
in in direct directive utterance by uttering,
I beg you pardon,madam,for interrupting
you but I was in hope you might have so
good news from town”. For being polite,it
is obvious that this utterance obeys
generosity Maxim.In this utterance,speaker
implies cost to herself as if the proposed
action were for her benefit. As the result,it
sounds as a pleading.
Furthermore,indirectness in this utterance
decreases the politeness of its
utterance.So,this utterance would not show
any impression of being forced.In
context,it that indirectness is influenced so
much by the distance between speaker and
listener.If we compare to the other data,it
is the most indirect utterance in this
analysis.
The directive utterance in this data is a
request which is addressed by Jane to
Elizabeth
U.027 Jane :
Oh,Papa,What news ? Have you heard
from My Uncle?” Yes I have had a letter
from him by express
U.028 Elizabeth :
Well,and what news does it bring good or
bad ? What is there of good to be
expected?”said He,talking the letter from
His pocket “But perhaps you would like to
read it.
When Jane heard news from his uncle
that Charoline and Elizabeth.They talk
about letter and also about Elizabeth.In
this situation,they are too curious to asking
Elizabeth to think
independent.Therefore,when her friend
have a letter from uncle,his request
formally and Elizabeth taking the letter
from his pocket Elizabeth perhaps to her
friend Jane. She would like to read it.In the
sense that it increases the
politeness.Indirect utterance by uttering
:”What news does it bring good or bad”?
This utterance obeys Generosity maxim
because the speaker Implies cost to himself
by putting himself in lower position,as if
this utterance were pleadig.The
indirectness in expressing his goal
decreases imposition in this request,so that
it does not irritate the listeners.
The directive utterance in this data is news
which is addressed by Jane
U.27 Elizabeth : “Oh ! My
dear father.”She cried come back and write
Immediately consider how important every
moment is in such a case
U.028: “Let me write for you
dislike the trouble yourself”.I dislike it
very much.He replied,but it must be done”.
After their talking about letter
with his father.Elizabeth and Jane
remember that how Important every
moment is in such a case.Jane suggeat to
his Father.I dislike it very much.He
replied,but it must be done.She conveys
the utterance formally and in the form of
Sentence,By uttering “Let me write for
you,if you dislike the trouble yourself”.She
directs this utterance to his Father,so she
minimizes cost to her listener.It means that
her utterance obeys Generosity Maxim.In
addition uttering her request in the form of
a question or indirectly,it will refine it is
utterance and dismiss forcing toward
proposed utterance.In the sense that it
increases the politeness.
The data in this analysis is a
Suggestion which is addressed to Elizabeth
and Jane
U.031 Jane : “Money ! My uncle I
Cried Jane,”What do
You mean Sir ?
U.032 Elizabeth : “That is very true,
Though it had not
occurred to be discharged, and something
still to remain ! Oh! It must be my Uncle’s
doing! Generous,good man I am afraid he
has distressed Himself sum could not do
all this”.
In this conversation Jane tells to
Elizabeth that her uncle cried and Jane try
to asking again “What do you mean Sir?.
She conveys his request formally and
indirectly,by uttering : “That is very
true,”though it had not occured to be
discharged,and something still to remain
!Oh ! It must be my Uncle’s doings!”.This
utterance obeys Tact Maxim by Implying
benefit Elizabeth as Elizabeth mother.To
imply benefit to Listener Elizabeth
expresses in this utterance that Jane
permission is very important for Him to
have a good conversation with Her
Uncle.Beside,Indirectness in conveying his
goal makes this utterance more polite.In
the sense, it dismisses forcing in the
proposed actions that, it will not impose
the Listener to accept this action.
The data in this analysis is a
request which is addressed to Elizabeth
and Mr.Gardiner.
U.33 Elizabeth : We shall exactly
know what Mr.Gardiner has done For
them.
U.34 Mr.Gardiner : “The kindness
of my uncle and aunt can never be requited
their taking her home,and affording her
their personal protection and
Countenance,is such a sacrifice to her
advantage as years of gratitude cannot
cannot enough acknowledge”.
Mr.Gardiner acknowledged to his
friend that protection and countenance is
not enough for a sacrifice.There is no
reason to think he is working alone.She
nodded with emphasis.The kindness of my
uncle and aunt can never requited their
taking her home.Moreover, he knows that
his uncle accept Mr.Gardiner to be their
protection.They consider that he is not
gratitude to be good person.Elizabeth
conveys her advice in formal Language
and obeys Tact Maxim, by uttering “We
shall exactly know what Mr.Gardiner has
done for them”.The utterance obviously
Implies benefit of Mr.Gardiner.
Furthermore, Elizabeth increases the
politeness of her utterance by conveying
her goal indirectly, Indirectness in the
utterance decreases it is force.Thus, the
utterance developed to account for
conversational interactions.
The directive utterance in this data
is a request which is addressed by
Elizabeth to Jane.
U.35 Elizabeth : as neither you,
nor I, nor anybody can ever forget. It’s
useless to talk of it.” It now occurred to the
Girks that Their Mother was in all
Likelihood.
U.36 Jane : Mrs.Bennet could
hardly contain herself. As soon as Jane had
read Mr.Gardiner’s Hope of Lydia’s being
soon Married, Her joy burst forth, and
every following sentence added its
exuberance.
Elizabeth and Jane talk about likehood
who will happen they get news from
Mr.Gardiner’s that Lydia’s being soon
married.Therefore, they decide to return
sooner but they cannot tell it to
Mrs.Bennet because she is not always
seemed joy at the moment.Elizabeth ask
Jane to tell her about Lydia’s about her
married.She also asks her to Mrs.Bennet
with the real reason.She conveys her
request in formal words and in direct
directive utterance by uttering : “as neither
you,nor I, nor anybody can ever forget.”As
being indicated the utterance,if disobeys
Generosity Maxim because the proposed
action obviously minimize cost to
Mrs.Bennet,because it is necessary to
differentiate for Mrs.Bennet to conceal the
real reason of their conversation.Moreover,
Mr.Gardiners conveys his request directly
and no option toward her Listener as if he
were force is he to do the action in other
hand,it is not clear to what extent a
conversational principle.
The data in this analysis is
a kindness which is addressed to
Mr.Wicham and Mrs.Bennet
U.37 Mr.Wicham : “Lizzy,My
Dear,run down to your father,and ask Him
how much he will give her.Stay,Stay,I will
go Myself.Ring the bell,Kitty for Hill”.
U.38 Mrs.Gardiner : “In a great
measure to his kindness.We are Persuaded
that He has pledged himself to assist
Mr.Wicham with money”.
Mr.Wicham asking the Lizzy,His
Father to run down at the Hill.Where Lizzy
live.The kindness come from Mrs.Gardiner
She conveys her kindness in formal
Language and in indirect directive,by
uttering : Lizzy,My dear,run down to your
Father,and ask him how much he will give
her.Stay,Stay,I will go myself Ring the
bell Kitty for Hill”.In this
utterance,Mr.Wicham obeys Generosity
Maxim to fulfill a polite directive.In which
she maximizes cost to herself by showing
her behavior.She conveys the kindness as
if it were to designed or not designed to
maxims.Where Mrs.Gardiner in different
societies may interpret the maxims
differently.It means that for being polite
Mr.Wicham puts Himself on lower
position.The words”Lizzy,my dear,run
down to your Father,and ask Him how
much He will give her.Stay,Stay,I will go
my self.Thus one way of approaching a
text, and suggest element in it which can
be considered in their light,with useful
result.In place of these theories suggest
thst for ibserve with interest a polite
directive utterance in this Kindness is we
can not know to change maxim of
relationship with Mrs.Gardiner.We can be
absolutely certain that politeness
understanding will differ of interpersonal
reasons Mr.Wicham,but also to
Mrs.Gardiner as the assist Mr.Wicham.
The directive utterance in
this data is a good news which is
addressed by Lydia to Mr.Bennet.
U.39 Lydia : “He was
seriously concerned that a cause of so little
advantage to any one should be for warded
at the sole Expense of His Brother-in-
Law”.
U.40 Mr.Bennet : The good
news quickly spread through the house and
with proportionate speed through the
neighbourhood
During Lydia concerned,
Mr.Bennet and His Brother in-Law,Have a
neighbourhood.In this case,Mr.Bennet has
a talking with Him.In this talking He
expression he opinion to His Brother in-
Law,as if He were talking with someone
Connclusisons
Having analyzed the politeness in directive
utterances in novel Pride and Prejudice,
the writer draws some conclusions, as
follows:
1. Speakers should take politeness into
account when they ask listener to do
something, in order to avoid the feeling
being imposed and irritating the
listener. To produce polite directives
utterances, Speaker always obey cost
benefit scale in TaxtMaxin and
Generosity Maxim
2. To make a polite utterance, speakers
need to refine the utterance to avoid an
abrupt utterance which insists the
listener. They do it in some ways, for
instance, they express a command in
the form of request or use a question
form to ask listener to do a favor
3. In the analysis of data, it can be seen
that indirectness scale is the dominant
element in producing polite directive
utterances. The degree of politeness is
increased also by the optionality scale.
However, both of these scale are
different in directive utterances
because of different contexts, for
example, speaker uses a more indirect
and formal utterance for a respected
listener and tend to use a direct
utterance for a closed friend. In other
words, the higher the position of
listener than speaker, the more indirect
the utterance and greater optionality
given to listener.
4. The analysis of data is also shown in
certain situation , speakers might
disobey the two maxims of politeness
although the listener are in higher
position than them.
Acknowledgment
Alhamdullilahhirobbil’alamin, I
would like say thanks to allah who has
given the writer mercy and his love for
finishing this thesis entitle the analysis of
politeness in directive utterance in “ pride
and prejudice’ written by Jane Austin.
Special gratitude and appreciation,
the writer expresses thanks to my first
supervisor Fatimah tanjung, Dra,M.Hum
and my second supervisor HavidArdi,
S.Pd,M.Hum. thanks to your advice,
suggestion ,idea in this thesis.
Then , I would like to say thank
you to my big family who have given me
support and advice in order I can finish my
thesis soonly.
Bibliography
Anwar Khaidir .Fungsi dan Peranan
Bahasa: Sebuah Pengantar
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada
University Press,1984
Brown, Gillian and G.Yule Discourse
Analysis, Cambridge University
Press, 1983
Blakemore, Diane. Understanding
Utterances. Great Britain : T.J
Press Ltd,1992
Djajasudarma,F. Metode linguistic
Ancang: Metode Penelitian dan
Kajian Bandung,Erson Bandung
Fromkin,Victoria. An Introduction to
language.NewYork :Holf,Rinerhart
and Winston.1993
Gunarwan, Asim Persepsi kesantunan
Directif di Dalam Bahasa
Indonesia di Antara Beberapa
Kelompok Etnik di Jakarta in
PELLBA 5 : Bahasa Budaya
Ed.Bambang kaswanti
Purwo.kasnisius,1992.PP. 179-202
Lakoff, Robin language and Women’s
Place.New York : Harper and Row
Publisher,1975
Leech, Geoffrey . Principles of Pragmatics,
longman linguistic library,1983
Rankema, Jan. Discourse Study : An
Introduction Text
book.Philadelphia: John Benjamin
Publishing CO. 1993
Searle, JR. Expression and
Meaning.Cambridge University
press, 1979
Searle,JR. Indirect Speech act.In
Martinich: The Philosophy of
language, 2nd Ed. New York :
Harper and Row Publisher,1985
Siliger, Herber W.Second language
Research Method. Oxford
University Press,1985
Sudaryanto.Metode linguistic :ke Arah
Memahami Metode linguistik
Yogyakarta: GadjahMada
University press,1992
Sudaryanto. Aneka Konsepke dataan
lingual Dalam linguistik.
Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana
Press,1993
Traughtt, SC.and Pratt ML.linguistics: For
Students of Literature. Harcourt
BrocaJovanovic Inc.,1980
Wardaugh, Ronald.An Introduction to
Sociolinguistic: New York : Basil
Blackwell ltd.1986
Yule,George. The Study of Language:
Second Edition. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.1995