PERFORMANSI TRADISI OBI IWAI PADA MASYARAKAT JEPANG
Keywords:
Tradisi, Obi Iwai, Performansi, Masyarakat Jepang, Ritual Kehamilan., Tradition, Obi Iwai, Performance, Japanese Society, Pregnancy RitualAbstract
Tradisi Obi Iwai merupakan salah satu upacara adat masyarakat Jepang yang dilakukan pada usia kehamilan lima bulan sebagai bentuk doa dan harapan agar ibu dan janin diberikan kesehatan serta kelancaran saat proses persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan performansi pelaksanaan tradisi Obi Iwai pada masyarakat Jepang serta menganalisis makna simbolis yang terkandung di dalamnya.Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan performansi tradisi tersebut dengan teori Performance Studies Richard Schechner (is performance: waktu, nilai objek, nonproduktif, aturan, tempat) menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Obi Iwai memiliki lima unsur performansi, yaitu: (1) waktu, yang dipilih berdasarkan event time dan symbolic time (hari Anjing dalam kalender Jepang); (2) nilai objek, seperti Iwata Obi, Kodakara no Ishi, Omamori, serta hidangan simbolis yang sarat makna; (3) sifat nonproduktif, karena tujuan utama upacara adalah doa, syukur, dan kebersamaan, bukan keuntungan ekonomi; (4) aturan tertentu, meliputi tata cara doa, pemasangan obi, serta urutan ritual; dan (5) tempat khusus, biasanya kuil Shinto yang dianggap sakral. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Obi Iwai merupakan praktik performatif yang kaya makna, di mana simbol, waktu, dan tata cara ritual berperan penting dalam memperkuat identitas budaya serta menjaga keberlanjutan tradisi masyarakat Jepang
The Obi Iwai tradition is one of the traditional ceremonies of Japanese society which is performed at the age of five months of pregnancy as a form of prayer and hope that the mother and fetus are given health and a smooth delivery process. This study aims to describe the performance of the Obi Iwai tradition in Japanese society and analyze the symbolic meaning contained therein. This study describes the performance of the tradition with Richard Schechner's Performance Studies theory (is performance: time, object value, non-productive, rules, place) using qualitative descriptive methods through literature studies and documentation. The results of the study show that the Obi Iwai tradition has five elements of performance, namely: (1) time, which is chosen based on event time and symbolic time (Dog day in the Japanese calendar); (2) object value, such as Iwata Obi, Kodakara no Ishi, Omamori, and symbolic dishes that are full of meaning; (3) non-productive nature, because the main purpose of the ceremony is prayer, gratitude, and togetherness, not economic gain; (4) certain rules, including prayer procedures, obi installation, and ritual sequences; and (5) a special place, usually a Shinto shrine that is considered sacred. The conclusion of this study is that Obi Iwai is a performative practice rich in meaning, where symbols, time, and ritual procedures play an important role in strengthening cultural identity and maintaining the continuity of Japanese community traditions.
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