Phenotype Characteristics Based Truss Morphometrics and Growth Patterns of Garing fish (Tor tambroides Blkr) In Different Aquatic Habitat In Population Management Efforts

Abstract

Retno Wulandari¹, Hafrijal Syandri¹, Azrita¹

¹Management Studies Program Coastal and Marine Aquatic Resources, Postgraduate Of Bung Hatta University

E-mail : moon.dolphin@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Garing fish is one of fishery commodities with high economic value in West Sumatra, Garing fish have a chance to be cultivated. Therefore, baseline of phenotypic characters, pattern of growth are required. Research on phenotypic characters of Garing fish at three habitat locations namely Batang Ampu West Pasaman which flow the Indian Ocean, Bantang Sumpur River in Pasaman which flow to the Strait of Malacca and Garing fish cultured by farmers in West Pasaman. Research of morphometric characters and meristik; 14 meristik and 24 morphometric with amount of samples 15 fish of each study site. Morphometric characters were measured with digital capillary with 0.01 mm accuracy, while meristik done by manual calculation. Data were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis, (PCA), Discriminant Analysis, One Way ANOVA, Canonical Component Analysis (CCA). Research found that there are three characters of the main differentiator of morphometric characters of Garing fish between populations; 6-5 Truss body width, 4-5 Truss body width, 8-5Truss body height, 6-7 Truss body width. Further, out of 14 meristik characters there were three characters, namely the number of fingers weak dorsal fin, the number of fingers hard pectoral fins, number of scales below the lateral line and the number of fingers hard dorsal fin. Garing fish populations naturally formed into three distinct groups, the formation of this group due to geographic isolation. The water quality of fish habitat as identifiers of Garing fisth were suspended residue (TSS), hardness (CaCo3), alkalinity and oxygen content (DO). Mean length and weight of Garing fish that Batang Sumpur ±290 mm and weighs  ± 292 grams, pond aquaculture ±  340 mm and weighs ±423 grams and Batang Ampu ±  300 mm and weighs ±339 grams. Garing fish growth patterns derived from Batang Sumpur, cultivation area and Bantang Ampu are allometril negative in nature, where the value of b <3. It is suggested in order to population management and domestication of Garing fish to conduct more research on genetic of Garing fish in the waters of Batang Ampu and Batang Sumpur.

Key word : Garing fish, Morphometrics, Phenotype Characteristics

Karakteristik Fenotip Berdasarkan Truss Morfometrik Dan Pola

Pertumbuhan Ikan Garing (Tor tambroides Blkr) Pada Habitat Perairan Yang

Berbeda Dalam Upaya Manajemen Populasi

Retno Wulandari¹, Hafrijal Syandri¹, Azrita¹

¹Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan dan Kelautan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Bung Hatta

E-mail : : moon.dolphin@yahoo.com

ABSTRAK

Ikan Garing merupakan salah satu komoditi perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi di Sumatera Barat dan ikan Garing mempunyai peluang untuk dibudidayakan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan data dasar karakter fenotip, pola pertumbuhan. Penelitian tentang karakter fenotip ikan Garing pada tiga lokasi habitat yaitu Batang Ampu Kabupaten Pasaman Barat yang bermuara ke Samudera Hindia, Sungai Bantang Sumpur di Kabupaten Pasaman yang aliran sungainya bermuara ke Selat Malaka dan ikan Garing yang dibudidayakan oleh petani ikan di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Penelitian karakter morfometrik dan meristik sebanyak 14 meristik dan 24 morfometrik dengan jumlah sample ikan masing-masing 15 ekor setiap lokasi penelitian. Karakter morfometrik diukur dengan kapiler digital dengan ketelitian 0,01 mm, sedangkan meristik dilakukan dengan perhitungan manual. Analisisa data yang digunakan adalah Principal Component Analysis,( PCA), Discriminant Analysis, One Way Anova, Canonical Component Analisis (CCA). Hasil Penelitian membuktikan bahwa pembeda utama dari karakter morfometrik ikan Garing antar populasi terdapat tiga karakter yaitu Lebar badan Truss 6-5, Lebar badan Truss 4-5, tinggi badan Truss 8-5, Lebar badan Truss 6-7. Selanjutnya dari 14 karakter meristik ada tiga karakter yaitu jumlah jari-jari sirip lemah dorsal, jumlah jari-jari sirip keras pektoral, Jumlah sisik di bawah garis rusuk dan Jumlah jari-jari sirip keras dorsal. Populasi ikan garing secara alami terbentuk atas tiga kelompok yang berbeda, terbentuknya kelompok ini disebabkan oleh isolasi geografis. Kualitas air sebagai penciri habitat ikan Garing adalah Residu tersuspensi (TSS), Kesadahan (CaCo3), Alkalinitas dan Kandungan Oksigen (DO). Rataan panjang dan bobot ikan Garing yaitu Batang Sumpur ± 290 mm dengan bobot ± 292 gram, Kolam Budidaya ± 340 mm dengan bobot ± 423 gram dan Batang Ampu ± 300 mm dengan bobot ± 339 gram. Pola pertumbuhan ikan Garing yang berasal dari Batang Sumpur, daerah budidaya dan Bantang Ampu bersifat allometril negative, dimana nilai b<3. Disarankan dalam upaya manajemen populasi dan domestikasi ikan Garing dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang genetik ikan Garing di perairan Batang Ampu dan Batang Sumpur.

Kata kunci : ikan garing, morfometrik, karakter fenotip