ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY STUDY OF THE HATCH SYSTEM OF TURTLE IN THE SUPPORTING EFFORT OF TERRITORIAL CONSERVATION OF PARIAMAN TOWN WATER

Abstract

ZAINAL¹, HAFRIJAL SYANDRI¹, SUPARNO¹

¹⁾ Resource Management Study Program of Coastal area and Oceanic Water Territorial, Postgraduate Program of Bung Hatta University

E-Mail : zainal_nal73@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRACT

Several of sea turtle exploiting like intake of egg, hunt of turtle, extension of settlement conducted by human being and also predator of nature result totally disappeared and scarce turtle, one of the effort to avoid the problems is through the evacuation of incubation place of turtle eggs of natural den to semi natural den. This research is executed to start from December 2012 until Februari 2013. Intention of this research is Studying Ecology including : inclination of egg coast, coastal egg vegetation, sand texture of semi and natural egg den, incubation period, and characteristic, temperature, and humidity of natural and semi natural den, and Studying Biology that is : efficacy level of hatch of semi natural and natural den, Egg and swoop morphology. Research method of ecology and biology study of turtle hatch system with survey method, pursuant to the result of research of inclination measurement of coast range from 2.43-4.86 degree. Coastal vegetation found Sea Pandan (Pandanus tectorius), Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Cassia Alata (Terminallia catappa), Morinda (Morinda citrifolia), Coconut (Cocos nucifera L), Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L), creep plant like Grass of Kakawatan (Cynodon dactylon), Grass Wind (Spinifex littoralis), Katang-Katang (Ipomoea percaprae). Sand texture of natural is 98.40 % sand and 1.60 % of dash clay, semi natural den to range from 97.9-98.8 %, and dash clay percentage range from 2.10-1.20 %. Deepness of den ranging from 45-63 cm, diameter of den ranging from 22-30 cm. The distance from the lowest ebb ranging from 1.000-6.200 cm. The distance from highest tide ranging from 700-3.000 cm, the distance from vegetation 500-1.500 cm. Temperature range from 28.11-30.67 ^oC and humidity of substrat ranging from 0.5-6 degree. Incubation period range from 51-56 days, and natural of 50 days. Efficacy level of HS (Hatching Success) value ranging from 76.67-100 % and ICES (Emergence Success) value ranging from 68.33-96.47 %, semi natural den egg weight ranging from 26.65-27.55 grams, natural den 27.60 grams, semi natural den egg diameter ranging from 3.23-3.46 cm, while at natural den 3.45 cm, heavy of swoop of semi natural den ranging from 15.30-17.75 grams, while at natural den 14.35 grams, length of karapak ranging from 3.69-3.97 cm with karapak wide between 2.93-3.14 cm. Result of research about ecology and biology study in conservation area suited for egg and hatch area of turtle. Result of research of efficacy level of hatch of turtle egg counted well.

Keyword: Ecology, Biology, Conservation, Hatch System

KAJIAN EKOLOGI DAN BIOLOGI SISTEM PENETASAN PENYU

DALAM UPAYA MENUNJANG KONSERVASI PERAIRAN KOTA

PARIAMAN

ZAINAL¹, HAFRIJAL SYANDRI¹, SUPARNO¹

¹Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan Pesisir dan Kelautan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Bunga Hatta

E-mail : zainal_nal73@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRAK

Berbagai pemanfaatan penyu laut seperti pengabilan telur, perburuan penyu, perluasan pemukiman yang dilakukan oleh manusia maupun predator dari alam mengakibatkan penyu langka dan punah, salah satu usaha untuk menghindari permasalahan tersebut adalah melalui pemindahan tempat pengeraman telur-telur penyu dari sarang alami ke sarang semi alami. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan Desember 2012 sampai Februari 2013. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengkaji Ekologi meliputi : kemiringan pantai peneluran, vegetasi pantai peneluran, tekstur pasir peneluran sarang alami dan semi alami, dan Mengkaji Biologi yaitu : tingkat keberhasilan penetasan sarang alami dan semi alami, Morfologi telur dan tukik. Metoda penelitian kajian ekologi dan biologi sistem penetasan penyu dengan metode survey, berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengukuran kemiringan pantai berkisar antara 2.43-4.86 derajat. Vegetasi pantai dijumpai vegetasi jenis Pandan Laut (Pandanus tectorius), Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Ketapang (Terminallia catappa), Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia), Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L), Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L), tumbuhan merambat seperti Rumput Kakawatan (Cynodon dactylon), Rumput Angin (Spinifex littoralis), Katang-Katang (Ipomoea percaprae). Tekstur pasir sarang alami 98.40 % pasir dan 1.60 % liat debu, sarang semi alami berkisar antara 97.9-98.8 %, dan persentase liat debu berkisar antara 2.10-1.20 %. Kedalaman sarang berkisar antara 45-63 cm, diameter sarang berkisar antara 22-30 cm. Jarak dari pasang surut terendah berkisar antara 1.000-6.200 cm. Jarak dari pasang tertinggi berkisaran antara 700-3.000 cm, jarak dari vegetasi 500-1.500 cm. Suhu berkisar antara 28.11-30.67 oC dan kelembaban substrat berkisar antara 0.5-6 derajat. Masa inkubasi berkisar antara 51-56 hari, dan alami 50 hari. Tingkat keberhasilan nilai HS (Hatching Success) berkisar antara 76.67-100 % dan nilai ES (Emergence Success) berkisar antara 68.33-96.47 %, berat telur sarang semi alami berkisar antara 26.65-27.55 gram, sarang alami 27.60 gram, diameter telur sarang semi alami berkisar antara 3.23-3.46 cm, sedangkan pada sarang alami 3.45 cm, berat tukik sarang semi alami berkisar antara 15.30-17.75 gram, sedangkan pada sarang alami 14.35 gram, panjang karapak berkisar antara 3.69-3.97 cm dengan lebar karapak antara 2.93-3.14 cm. Hasil penelitian tentang kajian ekologi dan biologi di kawasan konservasi cocok untuk daerah peneluran dan penetasan penyu. Hasil penelitian tingkat keberhasilan penetasan telur penyu tergolong baik.

Kata kunci : Ekologi, Biologi, Konservasi, Sistem Penetasan